Considered the follow-up to Watson and Rayner (1920), Jones (1924; Figure 2.7) wanted to see if a child who learned to be afraid of white rabbits (Panel B) could be conditioned to become unafraid of them. The procedure in Panel C continued with the rabbit being brought a bit closer each time until, eventually, the child did not respond with distress to the rabbit (Panel D). If I do X, then Y will happen. This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. For communication, decide if the problem is related to speaking, listening, or both and then develop a plan for use in various interpersonal situations. C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. Joanie has social anxiety. 94. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model b. operant conditioning. Chief among these are neurotransmitter imbalances. The behavioral model concerns the cognitive process of learning, which is any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and practice. 75. c. replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. a. guidelines. Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. Finally, the individual either imagines (systematic) or experiences in real life (in-vivo) each object or scenario from the hierarchy and uses the relaxation technique while doing so. 133. A primary focus of community-based mental health treatments is: a. education. b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. Evaluating the humanistic and existential perspectives. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. 87. d. It is difficult to predict which people who share the same culture will develop a particular disorder. c. limitations of a focus on ethnicity. a. cognitive-behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 10. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. The patient might change the subject, stop talking, or lose his/her train of thought. Rogers did try to investigate his propositions scientifically, but most other humanistic-existential psychologists rejected the use of the scientific method. Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people within poor subpopulations, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which: a. personal responsibility is related to dysfunction. A therapist who assumes this describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality? c. The client is operantly conditioned to associate sobriety with happiness. also play a role, and this is the basis of the sociocultural model. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the former we will discuss briefly and in terms of key structures which include: Of course, this is not an exhaustive list of structures found in the brain but gives you a pretty good idea of function and which structure is responsible for it. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: a. challenging irrational cognitions. Notice how the line has dropped below -70mV. According to Mental Health America, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure in which a brief application of electric stimulus is used to produce a generalized seizure. Patients are placed on a padded bed and administered a muscle relaxant to avoid injury during the seizures. d. ego ideal. Learning has two main forms associative learning and observational learning. c. regression. Psychodynamic techniques. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? The patient continues but always reaches a point when he/she cannot or will not proceed any further. She died shortly after this interrogation on May 28, 1936. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. This is called: a. fixation. In Module 3, we will discuss diagnosing and classifying abnormal behavior from the perspective of the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, Text-Revision). 144. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. He avoids visiting friends with dogs and crosses the street if he sees a person walking a dog coming his way. Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? Shonda responds by changing the subject. If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. The Biological Model of Abnormality Chapter Exam - Study.com b. multicultural. c. neurotransmitters. Psychology Today published a great article on January 21, 2013, which described four ways to change your thinking through cognitive restructuring. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? 67. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. denial. First, free association involves the patient describing whatever comes to mind during the session. b. overgeneralization. a. c. conclusions drawn by research scientists. What if? With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements. c. overgeneralization. d. humanists. The diathesis-stress model of abnormality emphasizes that: abnormality arises from an interaction between stress and predisposition. d. psychophysical. A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: how prejudice and discrimination impact women. Someone who studies the _____ model of abnormality focuses on how values and choices affect behavior. 88. For more on the role of genes in the development of mental illness, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/saving-normal/201604/what-you-need-know-about-the-genetics-mental-disorders. c. superego. 165. 109. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. There are times when we learn by simply watching others. c. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily. The behavioral model concerns the cognitive process of learning, which is any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and practice and has two main forms associative learning to include classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. Another example is how a baby will root for a food source if the mothers breast is placed near their mouth. 2.2.3.3. Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. This model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. First, consider the topic of social cognition or the process of collecting and assessing information about others. c. primary process thought. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. a. Some biological treatments produce significant undesirable effects. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? But women may experience these illnesses differently certain symptoms may be more common in women than in men, and the course of the illness can be affected by the sex of the individual. 45. 12. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. c. resistance. The biopsychosocial model examines the health and other illnesses and product behavior with biological features and behavioral factors.Several health psychologists work with healthcare experts and patients to help . Postconditioning. Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a(n) _____ theorist. d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. b. good long-term prognoses. Researchers are only now beginning to tease apart the various biological and psychosocial factors that may impact the mental health of both women and men., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health/index.shtml. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has not been able to help her get rid of them. The four main models to explain psychological abnormality are the biological, behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic models. The drug addresses (corrects) the underlying biological reasons for alcohol abuse. c. double-blind studies. Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. In this case, extinction continues. d. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. Some commonly used strategies include cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance techniques. This thought is an example of: Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? OCD has an earlier age of onset in girls than boys, with most people being diagnosed by age 19. Evaluating the cognitive model. Nervous breakdown c. Impairment d. Distress Social Sciences; Psychology; Psychology questions and answers; which statement about catergorical vs dimensions models of abnormal behavior is true?A categorial models capture the complexity of mental disorders btter than dimensional modelsB Dimensional models better reflect nature/ reality of disorders than categorial onesC Catergorial models capture the severitu of mental disorders while . The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. Then write a few balanced statements such as the one the article suggests, Ive made some mistakes that I feel embarrassed about, but a lot of the time, I make good choices.. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com We can also ask the patient probing questions, seek information from family members, examine medical records, and in time, organize and process all this information to better understand the persons condition and potential causes. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: Nari was taking the bar exam and was concerned that she didn't know the answers to many of the questions. So, if there are 10 objects/situations in the list, the client will experience ten such pairings and eventually be able to face each without fear. 137. b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. Second, the viewpoint that all human behavior is explainable in biological terms, and therefore when issues arise, they can be treated using biological methods, overlooks factors that are not fundamentally biological. She interprets this to mean that the hospital is a threatening place because it's filled with dangerous diseases. Elevated levels of this hormone can lead to several problems, including increased weight gain, interference with learning and memory, reduced bone density, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of depression. c. rationalization. None of the models are complete within themselves. a. working through b. exposure therapy c. role playing d. family therapy.

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